Three comments and a question

-"Space is undefined until it is articulated by the placement of an object within it." This is a very interesting principle brought up by White, which I think most people would overlook. For instance, one would take a greater notice of the space in a box if a circle was placed within that box, rather than leaving the box empty.

-"It must be evident to the viewer that a design's material has been predigested and presented in an organizeed way." This particular idea of White is very important for any designer, and even any writer, to think about. We need to demonstrate through proper layout and design that we have a well-organized plan and overall purpose for making the choices we do.

-"Emptiness is wasted if it fails to achieve the desired attention-getting result, or fails to make the page look inviting with an unthreatening, airy presentation, or fails to act as a separator between elements." Before reading both White's and Williams' books I had no idea that white, empty space could serve as a design tool, but as both of these authors have pointed out, white space extreme power in design.

Question: If symmetry creates passive and predictable white space, is it something we want to use, or is it something we want to avoid?